Vacuum cleaner device: main components, classification

The device vacuum cleaner since its invention (the 60s of the XIX century) has remained largely the same. At the same time in the process of improving the vacuum cleaner has changed beyond recognition. This concerns both the appearance and the numerous functional capabilities and design features of the device.

Modern vacuum cleaners are so diverse in terms of design that classification by one attribute will remain incomplete and insufficient.

The main components of vacuum cleaners

Regardless like Vacuum cleaners consist of three main parts:

1. Collection devices. As the device for collecting garbage and dust, there are numerous nozzles.
2. Devices for the transport of collected waste.They are pipes and hoses or built-in channels.
3. Cases in which the power unit, a dust collector and system of a filtration are placed.

To expand the scope of the vacuum cleaner uses a variety of nozzles designed for garbage collection. Thus, the universal nozzle can be used to care for carpets and carpet coverings, for collecting debris and dust from the floor, window sills, upper covers of cabinets and other flat surfaces. Universal nozzles are equipped with a mode switch for cleaning smooth and shaggy surfaces, rollers that increase maneuverability during work, brushes with varying degrees of stiffness and length of bristles.

For cleaning from carpets and other soft surfaces of pet hair and fiber debris used turbo brush.

A cylindrical roller with a bristled generatrix receives rotation from the air flow and effectively collects dirt on its surface. A delicate electrostatic panicle with a long soft bristle helps to remove dust deposited on the surfaces of household appliances, leaves of ornamental plants, books, chandeliers and lamps.

Washing vacuum cleaners equipped with vacuum nozzles. Such nozzles provide a supply of water and detergent to the cleaning surface, as well as remove contaminated mixture.

Brushes for parquet allow you to carefully care for the flooring - linoleum, laminate flooring. The design of slit nozzles of different sizes and configurations helps when cleaning garbage and dust from hard-to-reach places: plinth joints with the floor, from under the installed furniture.

To collect metal debris and dust electromagnetic inserts are integrated into the nozzles. Electromagnets attract metal contaminants and hold them until the power is turned off. At the end of the cleaning, the electromagnets are turned off, and the collected garbage is drawn into the collection by air flow.

Garbage and dust are transported to a dust collector. through suction pipesconnected to the body with a flexible corrugated hose. When the vacuum cleaner is vertically arranged, a hose is excluded from the transportation system. In hand-held devices and vacuum brushes, the transport system is the channels inside the case. Devices for transporting garbage and dust from built-in vacuum cleaners are complemented by channels laid in the walls of a house or apartment, to which flexible hoses of the required length join the suction pipes.

Vacuum cleaner cases are made of high-strength plastics.

Inside the case are integrated: air vacuum compressor, electric motor, garbage collection device, filter complex, control and alarm units.

Home Vacuum Cleaner

Vacuum cleaner classification by type

Modern vacuum cleaners are arranged in such a way as to meet the requirements for them. By type of placement, the devices can be divided into the following groups:

• floor placement;
• handheld vacuum cleaners;
• vertical placement;
• built-in vacuum cleaners.

The most common type of vacuum cleaner can surely be called floor-standing appliances. The floor-mounted vacuum cleaner has a classic layout: a device for collecting garbage and dust is connected to the housing with a telescopic suction tube and a flexible corrugated hose. Early modifications of vacuum cleaners were equipped with composite pipes, mainly metal, and hoses in dense fabric or synthetic braids. New modifications are completed with durable plastic pipes and hoses.

In the design of the case of the floor type, wheels are provided for easy movement around the serviced premises. The length of the power cord is regulated by a coil spring. Floor-mounted vacuum cleaners have capacious containers for collecting debris and dust, more powerful compressors and electric motors. By type of cleaning are divided into devices for dry and wet cleaning.

Handheld Vacuum Cleaners for the most part they are used for car interior maintenance, clothes cleaning and for cleaning small surfaces. The device does not have a suction pipe and a connecting hose, the nozzles are attached directly to the body, and the channel is built into the body as the conveying system. In addition to mains power, devices of this group can be powered by built-in batteries, representing wireless model vacuum cleaner. Car vacuum cleaners can operate at a voltage of 12/24 V with the function of supplying 220 V through an adapter.

Upright Vacuum Cleaners fundamentally different from the floor of its layout: the housing with a dust collector attached directly to the suction pipe.The power plant may be located in the hull or be integrated into a garbage collection device. This model is also called vacuuming mop.

The set of nozzles is no different from that for a floor-mounted vacuum cleaner, but it is difficult to take advantage of all the advantages due to the layout.

Built-in vacuum cleaner - rarely encountered type. It is a system of channels laid in the walls and partitions of the house. The hose with the suction pipe is connected to the unions brought to the surface, the power plant and the tank for garbage collection are mounted in the utility rooms. The need to use long hose lengths imposes significant restrictions on the possibility of complex cleaning of premises. Due to the design features, recessed vacuum cleaners are not widely used in everyday life.

Dust bag type classification

Regardless of the layout scheme, each vacuum cleaner has a capacity for collecting debris and dust - dust collector. The main versions of the dust collectors are known 3, all the others are types and modifications. Vacuum collected dirt accumulates:

• in bags;
• in containers;
• in water filters.

Bags were used to collect dirt even in the first samples of vacuum cleaners. Modern units can be equipped with fabric bags, bags of non-woven and synthetic materials, paper (cellulose) bags. Bags made from natural and synthetic fabrics, are used repeatedly. Disposable drives are made from cellulosic formulations and nonwovens.

Garbage and dust are collected when an intake air jet passes through the internal cavity of the bag. Small dust particles that penetrate through the pores of the bag are trapped by filters additionally installed in the air path. Additional filters prevent clogging of the power plant of the vacuum cleaner and purify the air leaving the unit from the smallest dust fractions. Special types of fine air filters adsorb biological contaminants: dust mites, bacteria and microorganisms.

Dust collectors-containers are made of a different composition of transparent plastics and are used in the absence of mechanical damage during the entire service life. bagless vacuum cleaner.

The use of transparent plastics for the manufacture of containers allows you to visually monitor the level of filling of the dust collector and timely release it from dirt.

The principle of collecting dirt in a container is to use the vortex (cyclone) movement of the intake air jet. With a high circumferential velocity of polluted air, mud particles settle on the inner surface of the container and are pressed against the walls by the kinetic energy of the moving air. In modern units in order to maximize air purification from dust particles, schemes with two and three cycles of vortex cleaning are used. The use of cyclones still does not exempt the structure from the use of additional filtration of the outgoing air flow.

Water filters provide a high degree of air purification even from microscopic dust particles. Operating principle aqua filter based on trapping dirt in water. The device of a vacuum cleaner with water cleaning is somewhat similar to cyclone aggregates, only the collection of dirt occurs not in the air, but in the water vortex flow.

Features of washing vacuum cleaners

Modern vacuum cleaners provide an opportunity for dry and wet cleaning.The device of the washing vacuum cleaner is characterized by the presence of additional tanks for water and detergents, a pump that supplies the washing mixture to the cleaning zone, and the fluid supply channels integrated into the connecting hose and suction pipe.

A variation of the washing vacuum cleaner is a vacuum cleaner with the function of cleaning surfaces with steam (steam). The difference from the detergent is the presence of a steam generator in the device. With the activated steam generation function, cleaning does not require the use of chemical cleaning agents.

Important details in the device of vacuum cleaners

Quality vacuum cleaner job is caused primarily by the functioning of the main nodes. But in the design of cleaning units there is a large number of details that are not very important at first glance, the condition of which determines the service life of a vacuum cleaner, suction power and the degree of air purification. These include:

• filters;
• seals;
• bushings and bearings.

Filters made of modern woven and non-woven materials help to get the outgoing air stream as clean as possible from dust and biological contamination. The use of fluoropolymers for sealing the joints ensures the tightness of various functional zones of the vacuum cleaner.Polyamide and fluoroplastic bushings and bearings extend the uptime of moving and rotating parts.