Homemade mini tractor for household

Tractor is an indispensable agricultural equipment for tillage, planting seeds and harvest. Especially this technique is in demand in the village, among the owners of large personal plots. The cost of mini tractors in the factory performance is quite high. Even new Chinese-made equipment is sometimes not affordable for everyone. Therefore, more and more home craftsmen are trying to make a mini-tractor on their own, using the available materials.

Engine choice for homemade tractor

If you decide to assemble a mini tractor with your own hands, then first of all you need to choose a power unit for it. As the latter often used ZID engine. This is a four-stroke unit with a volume of 0.52 liters. and with a capacity of 4.5 l / s, which is quite suitable for processing 2-3 hectares of land. The engine is easy to maintain, so it is often installed on various home-made equipment, besides, it is easy to buy on the Internet.

Another option for homemade is engine UD-25. This is a two-cylinder unit having a capacity of about 12 l / s and a volume of 0.42 l. Although this type of engine has long been discontinued, there are a large number of offers for the sale of this unit on the Internet. You can buy it for about 5,000 - 8,000 rubles.

Often in the manufacture of self-made tractors wizard used motors from cars. For example, you can find mini tractors with the engine of the Oka.

This engine has a capacity of 29.3 l / s and a volume of 0.649 liters. In fact, this is a VAZ engine (VAZ 21083), only in a lightweight version, since it has 2 times less weight. A distinctive feature of the engine from the Oka is low gas mileage and high efficiency.

A more expensive option is engine from the "Lada". The motors of the VAZ car line have an engine power of 59 l / s (VAZ 2101) and higher. A tractor with a VAZ engine is a powerful enough unit that can cope with almost any agricultural work.

It is easiest for owners of motoblocks to manufacture a mini-tractor for a household, since this unit already has all the necessary control units. It remains only to make a suitable frame, and the tractor is ready.

What to make frame

Assembling a minitractor always begins with the manufacture of the frame. The frame of the minitractor serves as the base on which all the components and parts of this unit are fixed. The frame must be strong enough and at the same time not very heavy. It is usually made of metal angle, profiled pipe or channel. Parts are joined by welding. The frame can be integral or consist of two parts.

Solid frame make the easiest. It is enough to cook a rectangle from a channel or a corner. The dimensions of the frame are calculated on the basis of the dimensions of the engine, gearbox and other nodes.

Also among the owners of personal plots are very popular mini-tractor 4x4.This all-wheel drive minitractor with breaking frame. The word “all-wheel drive” means that the axle is driven by both axles, front and rear. An example of such a frame, made of channel number 10, is shown in the following photo.

Frame fracture knot most often made from the driveshaft of a car, for example, from GAZ-52.

The main advantage of a self-made tractor with a breaking frame is a small turning radius of the unit. Due to its high maneuverability, the fracture tractor is successfully used in small areas where the turn of a mini-tractor with a solid frame will be difficult.

Below shows the drawings of the frame connected by a hinge.

What to make chassis

To assemble a minitractor, it is required to prepare its running gear. It includes wheels, front and rear axles, transmission elements.

When choosing wheels for a minitractor should consider the purpose of using the latter. If the unit is being constructed to carry and haul loads, then a disc diameter of 16 inches will suffice. When using the tractor in the field it is better to use more massive wheels with discs with a diameter of 18 to 24 inches.

If the rear axle drive axle in your tractor is front beam is made simple enough.

1. It is necessary to prepare 2 steering knuckles from the VAZ Classic car.
2. From the profile tube (square 40x40 mm) the required length of the piece is cut. The gauge width will depend on the length of this beam.
   
3. Further, racks are welded to this pipe from the corners of 35x35 mm. The steering knuckles will be attached to them. The bipod does not need to be disconnected - it is useful when installing the steering mechanism.
   
4. Brackets are welded to the corners in which the ball bearings are installed.
   
5. The front beam of the minitractor also has a swinging mechanism in the center. In this case, he, along with the crosspiece, was removed from the UAZ car.
   

To make a homemade front axle, as well as its rear counterpart for all-wheel drive unit, you will need to take 2 identical chassis units, for example, from a VAZ or Moskvich car, and shorten them. How to shorten the bridge from the car VAZ, you can learn from this video.

Important! Bridges must have the same gear, with the same gear ratio. Otherwise, the front and rear wheels will rotate at different speeds when the tractor is moving.

Since the bridges already have a built-in mechanism for transmitting rotational motion to the axle of the wheels, you will not need to make a home-made gearbox.

Pluses installation hydraulics

The hydraulics on the mini-tractor is installed in order to ensure the operation of some of its mechanisms and to facilitate the management of this unit. The unit with installed hydraulics has its advantages.

1. Machine becomes easy to drive. The wheel can be twisted, almost without exerting effort, with one hand.
2. Hydraulics makes it possible to use various attachments.
3. The use of hydraulics allows you to upgrade the brake system. Thanks to the hydraulic cylinders mounted on the unit, the unit is braked instantly.

You can make hydraulics on a minitractor if you buy a ready-made system in advance in a store or use parts from old agricultural equipment.

Important! When installing hydraulics on a minitractor, it should be borne in mind that some of the engine power will go to the maintenance of this node. Therefore, for tractors with low-power engines, installing hydraulics will not do any good.

What is PTO for?

The power take-off shaft (PTO) is designed to set in motion various agricultural machinery connected to a mini-tractor, for example, various cutters for tillage, potato mowers, mowers, snow plows, etc.

PTO can be like dependent and independent. In the first case, the shaft is driven from the transmission, transmitting rotational motion to the wheels. As soon as the wheels stop, the PTO stops rotating. Independent PTO receives rotation from the engine crankshaft. Therefore, the higher the engine speed, the faster the shaft rotates.

In addition, there are tractors with PTO synchronous type. The speed of rotation of the synchronous shaft directly depends on the gear ratio of the transmission of a moving tractor. Synchronization of movement and rotation is required when the unit is in operation with seeding equipment.

Making a three-point linkage

A hitch is used for connections to the tractor of additional equipmentFor example, a plow.

The hitch must be movable both in the horizontal plane and in the vertical. In the first case, the mobility helps to reduce the reach of the nozzle when taxiing.Vertical suspension motion is required to lower the equipment to working condition or raise it to the transport position.

A hitch on a minitractor is made of various parts, taken from old agricultural machinery. A description of how to make a three-point hinge at home is quite difficult. Therefore, it would be better to use the following video, which shows the dimensions of all parts fixtures.

Selection and installation of brakes and clutch

Brakes must be installed on the rear wheelset. Easiest to take ready blocks from the car UAZ. Brake pads should be installed on the wheel disks, and the controls should be placed on the pedal or lever installed inside the cab.

To install the clutch on a homemade mini tractor, you can also use the ready-made option from any car. For example, you can use Belt grip from Moskvich or UAZ.

The clutch unit is attached to the gearbox, also taken from any car. How to install the clutch, you can see this video.

Steering installation

It is quite difficult to manufacture the steering mechanism independently, and in principle there is no sense, since all the details can be taken from any car.

The following is a diagram that shows how a standard steering system is installed, installed on most self-propelled vehicles.

When installing the steering mechanism, the steering shaft with gear is connected to the bipod that is located on the steering knuckle mounted on the front beam (the manufacture of the beam was discussed above).

How to make a cab for a minitractor

If in the summer period it is possible to work on a minitractor without a cabin, then with the onset of the autumn-winter period the use of the unit becomes rather uncomfortable or impossible. Therefore, craftsmen are trying to collect the tractor with cabs to use this technique all year round.

Cab for homemade equipment made sheet steel according to a previously prepared drawing. As a basis for calculations, you can take the cab from the MTZ tractor. The following photo shows a drawing, based on which, you can make the cab yourself.

The cabin is made as follows.

1. First of all, you need to assemble a frame of wooden bars according to the dimensions of the drawing.
2. Further, according to the dimensions of the wooden frame parts, a metal profile tube is cut. All parts are joined by welding.
3. The welded construction is put on the ground with a roof and the glass holders are welded inside the cabin.
4. The roof is made of sheet steel 1 mm. The fragment can be cut out by the grinder and welded to the top of the cabin.
   
5. The floor and sides of the cab are made of sheet steel with a thickness of 2 mm.
6. The frame of the door is also welded from the profile pipe. For automatic closing of doors on the frame, you can install gas elevators.
7. After installing the glass cabin can be sheathed inside with foam rubber and covered with leatherette.
8. The cab is installed on the frame, on the place prepared for it in advance.

In general, to better understand how a mini-tractor is made by hand, you can watch it video, a kind of manual for beginners.

The nuances of manufacturing tracked tractor

Self-made tracked minitractor is a technique whose main feature is high maneuverability and good maneuverability. Also, the tractor on the tracks creates minimal pressure on the soil, which cannot be said of its wheeled counterpart.

To make a crawler minitractor, you will need the following structural elements.

1. Frame. It is made of a profile pipe or channel.
2. Engine. For tracked compact tractor is better to use a diesel engine.
3. Main bridge. As in the manufacture of a wheeled tractor, for a caterpillar, you can also use a ready-made bridge from an old car that should be shortened.
4. Transmission. The ideal option would be a box from the GAZ-53.
5. Clutch. Fit the clutch unit from the GAZ-52.
6. Caterpillars They are made of tires from wheels of large-sized equipment, for example, from a tractor.

For the manufacture of tracks You need to take 2 tires from the tractor and cut off the side parts.Then these tires are put on the wheels mounted on the frame, as shown in the following photo.

So that the tractor can turn, on the rear axle, you need to install the differential, which will disconnect the right or left wheel from the drive. Also, each wheel must be equipped with a brake that is controlled separately. When you press the brake pedal and switch the differential, one wheel of the axle stops and the opposite continues to rotate. Due to this, the tractor turns in the right direction.